Knee

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) and PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) injuries are common knee injuries that affect the stability and function of the knee joint. These ligaments are located within the knee joint and play a crucial role in stabilising the knee during movement, particularly rotational and forward/backward movements.

 

MCL (medial collateral ligament) and LCL (lateral collateral ligament) injuries are common knee injuries that involve damage to the ligaments on the inner (MCL) and outer (LCL) sides of the knee joint, respectively. These ligaments play a crucial role in stabilizing the knee joint and preventing excessive side-to-side movement.

 

Meniscus injuries are common knee injuries that involve damage to the meniscus, which are two wedge-shaped pieces of cartilage located between the thigh bone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) in the knee joint. The menisci act as shock absorbers, help distribute weight across the knee joint, and provide stability during movement.

 

There are two menisci in each knee: the medial meniscus, located on the inner side of the knee joint, and the lateral meniscus, located on the outer side of the knee joint. Meniscus injuries can occur as a result of sudden twisting or rotating movements, direct impact to the knee, or gradual wear and tear over time.

 

Patellofemoral syndrome (PFS), also known as runner's knee or anterior knee pain syndrome, is a common condition characterised by pain and dysfunction around the patella (kneecap) and the femur (thigh bone) where they meet at the knee joint. PFS typically involves pain around or behind the kneecap (chondromalacia patella), particularly during activities that involve bending the knee, such as running, jumping, squatting, or climbing stairs.

 

Patellar tendinopathy, also known as jumper's knee or patellar tendonitis, is a condition characterised by pain, inflammation, and degeneration of the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). It is a common overuse injury, particularly among athletes involved in sports that require repetitive jumping, such as basketball, volleyball, or athletics.